Millions of U.S. workers are exposed to heat in their workplaces. Although illness from exposure to heat is preventable, every year, thousands become sick from occupational heat exposure, and some cases are fatal.
Most outdoor fatalities, 50% to 70%, occur in the first few days of working in warm or hot environments because the body needs to build a tolerance to the heat gradually over time. The process of building tolerance is called heat acclimatization. Lack of acclimatization represents a major risk factor for fatal outcomes.
Working in a hot environment can trigger ailments that include heat rash, heat cramps, heat exhaustion and heatstroke – considered a medical emergency.
Symptoms of heat exhaustion include feeling faint or dizzy; excessive sweating; cool, pale, clammy skin; nausea or vomiting; rapid, weak pulse; and muscle cramps.
Workers who are experiencing heat exhaustion need to get to a cool, air-conditioned place. If fully conscious, they should drink water, take a cool shower, and use a cold compress.
Workers with heatstroke may experience a headache but no sweating and have a body temperature more than 103° F. Other symptoms are red, hot, dry skin; nausea or vomiting; and loss of consciousness. Call 911 if a case of heatstroke is suspected, then take action to cool the worker until help arrives.
Other tips from OSHA to help prevent heat-related illnesses include:
- Drink water every 15 minutes.
- If working outside, take rest breaks in the shade to cool down.
- Wear a hat and light-colored clothing when working outdoors.
- Monitor co-workers for symptoms of heat-related illnesses.
OSHA provides employer and worker resources for working in hot weather via its Water. Rest. Shade. campaign.
